Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality

116 wards, sculpted not surveyed

Ward colour reads as population density (2011 census, area-weighted onto the current 116-ward boundaries). Lines trace where each ward's sewage actually flows — traced from the City of Cape Town's own sewer catchment map, not assumed by nearest plant. Squares are treatment works, sized by daily capacity; dots are ward centroids.

Density is estimated, not measured: 2011 census population for the city's 58 named "Main Places" was divided by area and distributed onto the ward whose centroid sits closest to each place, then scaled to match the real 2011 metro total. Wards sharing a colour band landed nearest the same Main Place, so shading can look blocky in dense city clusters. Flow lines are traced from the City's own sewer catchment map (georeferenced by matching its coastline to this map's, then colour-sampled per ward) — 114 of 116 wards read directly off that map; 2 wards north of its frame are routed by geographic inference and shown with a finer dash.